QUINOA(THE NAME IS DERIVED FROM THE SPANISH SPELLING OF THE QUECHUA NAME KINWA) ORIGINATED IN THE ANDEAN REGION OF PERU, BOLIVIA, ECUADOR, CHILE AND COLOMBIA, WHERE IT WAS DOMESTICATED 3,000 TO 4,000 YEARS AGO FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION, THOUGH ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE SHOWS A NON-DOMESTICATED ASSOCIATION WITH PASTORAL HERDING SOME 5,200 TO 7,000 YEARS AGO. SIMILAR CHENOPODIUM SPECIES, SUCH AS PITSEED GOOSEFOOT (CHENOPODIUM BERLANDIERI) AND FAT HEN (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM), WERE GROWN AND DOMESTICATED IN NORTH AMERICA AS PART OF THE EASTERN AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX BEFOREMAIZE AGRICULTURE BECAME POPULAR. FAT HEN, WHICH HAS A WIDESPREAD DISTRIBUTION IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE, PRODUCES EDIBLE SEEDS AND GREENS MUCH LIKE QUINOA, BUT IN SMALLER QUANTITIES. THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION IS FAVOURABLE COMPARED WITH COMMON CEREALS. QUINOA SEEDS CONTAIN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS LIKE LYSINE AND ACCEPTABLE QUANTITIES OF CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND IRON. AFTER HARVEST, THE SEEDS MUST BE PROCESSED TO REMOVE THE COATING CONTAINING THE BITTER-TASTING SAPONINS. THE SEEDS ARE IN GENERAL COOKED THE SAME WAY AS RICE AND CAN BE USED IN A WIDE RANGE OF DISHES. THE LEAVES ARE EATEN AS A LEAF VEGETABLE, MUCH LIKE AMARANTH, BUT COMMERCIAL AVAILABILITY OF QUINOA GREENS IS LIMITED. /A- THIS IS FOOD ITEM. This page is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the medicinal ingredient.