Minerals are essential for the proper utilization of vitamins and other nutrients. Both trace and bulk minerals operate as co-enzymes enabling the body to perform such functions as energy production, growth, and healing. The body’s own balance depends on the level of minerals within, especially their balance to each other. So, if one mineral is at a low level, all mineral levels are affected, creating a more complex imbalance, which could result in illness. Boron is needed in trace amounts for healthy bones and for the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. It also enhances brain function and promotes alertness. The elderly can benefit from Boron supplements of 2-3 milligrams per day because they have a greater problem with calcium absorption. Some studies have found that Boron has promise in elevating hormone levels—particularly testosterone levels; Boron can also improve Vitamin D levels. It is theorized that Boron increases testosterone by inhibiting the enzymes that would normally break it down, and/or by increasing Vitamin D levels. The increased Vitamin D theory could have some credence, as other studies have shown that, in Vitamin D-deficient men, supplementing with Vitamin D also increased their testosterone levels. A 2010 Iran study supplemented men with Boron for 7 days. While no major effect was noticed up to six hours later, there was a reduction in sex hormone binding globulin (it binds to testosterone in the blood), and after one week of supplementation, it produced significant changes in hormone levels: plasma testosterone increased, and plasma estradiol decreased. Dihydrotestosterone, cortisol, and vitamin D were elevated. Also, concentrations of all three inflammatory biomarkers decreased after supplementation. Boron also helps to prevent osteoporosis and builds muscle. Boron supplementation of 3 milligrams a day prevents loss of crucial calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and is particularly important to post-menopausal women. In fact, a study conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture found that women who supplemented with 3 milligrams of Boron each day reduced their excreted calcium levels by 44%, leading them to conclude the Boron improves the metabolism of calcium and magnesium. Boron has even shown some promise in decreasing cancer risk. A UCLA study found that in men, increased Boron intake may decrease prostate cancer risk. In women, the American Journal of Epidemiology found that higher Boron intake could lower lung cancer risk. Boron is also useful as a nutritional supplement for healthy bones and calcium uptake. It can be found in certain fruits and vegetables, and in nuts and grains. Recommended Dosage as per Health Canada Label Claims–Adults: Take 1 to 3 capsules daily on an empty stomach, or as directed by your health care practitioner.